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aria2


			
				
					
						
						
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<title>aria2 - The ultra fast download utility</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>aria2 - The ultra fast download utility</h1>
<span id="author">Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa</span><br />
<span id="email"><tt>&lt;<a href="mailto:tujikawa_at_users_dot_sourceforge_dot_net">tujikawa_at_users_dot_sourceforge_dot_net</a>&gt;</tt></span><br />
</div>
<h2 id="_disclaimer">1. Disclaimer</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>This program comes with no warranty.
You must use this program at your own risk.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_introduction">2. Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>aria2 is a utility for downloading files. The supported protocols are
HTTP(S), FTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink. aria2 can download a file from
multiple sources/protocols and tries to utilize your maximum download
bandwidth. It supports downloading a file from HTTP(S)/FTP and
BitTorrent at the same time, while the data downloaded from
HTTP(S)/FTP is uploaded to the BitTorrent swarm. Using Metalink's
chunk checksums, aria2 automatically validates chunks of data while
downloading a file like BitTorrent.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>Here is a list of features.</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Command-line interface
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Download files through HTTP(S)/FTP/BitTorrent
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Segmented downloading
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Metalink version 3.0 support(HTTP/FTP/BitTorrent)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HTTP/1.1 implementation
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HTTP Proxy support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HTTP BASIC authentication support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HTTP Proxy authentication support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Well-known environment variables for proxy: http_proxy, https_proxy,
  ftp_proxy, all_proxy and no_proxy
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HTTP gzip, deflate content encoding support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Verify peer using given trusted CA certificate in HTTPS
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Client certificate authentication in HTTPS
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Chunked transfer encoding support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Load Cookies from file using the Firefox3 format and the Mozilla/Firefox
  (1.x/2.x)/Netscape format.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Custom HTTP Header support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Persistent Connections support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
FTP through HTTP Proxy
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Download/Upload speed throttling
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
BitTorrent extensions: Fast extension, DHT, PEX, MSE/PSE, Multi-Tracker
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Run as a daemon process
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Selective download in multi-file torrent/Metalink
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Chunk checksum validation in Metalink
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Can disable segmented downloading in Metalink
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Netrc support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Configuration file support
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Download URIs found in a text file or stdin and the destination directory and
  output filename can be specified optionally
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Parameterized URI support
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_dependency">3. Dependency</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="tableblock">
<table rules="all"
frame="border"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
<caption class="title">Table: External Library Dependency</caption>
<col width="240" />
<col width="320" />
<thead>
  <tr>
    <th align="left">
    features
    </th>
    <th align="left">
    dependency
    </th>
  </tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    HTTPS
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    GnuTLS or OpenSSL
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    BitTorrent
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    GnuTLS+Libgcrypt or OpenSSL
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    Metalink
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    libxml2 or Expat.
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    Checksum
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    GnuTLS+Libgcrypt or OpenSSL
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    gzip, deflate in HTTP
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    zlib
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    Async DNS
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    C-Ares
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="left">
    Firefox3 cookie
    </td>
    <td align="left">
    libsqlite3
    </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="vlist"><dl>
<dt>
Note
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
  GNU TLS has precedence over OpenSSL if both libraries are installed.
  If you prefer OpenSSL, run configure with --without-gnutls.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
Note
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
  libxml2 has precedence over Expat if both libraries are installed.
  If you prefer Expat, run configure with --without-libxml2.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="para"><p>You can disable BitTorrent, Metalink support by providing
--disable-bittorrent, --disable-metalink respectively to configure
script.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>In order to enable async DNS support, you need c-ares.</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
c-ares: <a href="http://daniel.haxx.se/projects/c-ares/">http://daniel.haxx.se/projects/c-ares/</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_how_to_build">4. How to build</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>In order to build aria2 from the source package, you need following
development packages(package name may vary depending on the
distribution you use):</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
libgnutls-dev    (Required for HTTPS, BitTorrent, Checksum support)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libgpg-error-dev (Required for BitTorrent, Checksum support)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libgcrypt-dev    (Required for BitTorrent, Checksum support)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libc-ares-dev    (Required for async DNS support)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libxml2-dev      (Required for Metalink support)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libz1g-dev       (Required for gzip, deflate decoding support in HTTP)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
libsqlite3-dev   (Required for Firefox3 cookie support)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="para"><p>You can use libssl-dev instead of
libgnutls-dev,libgpg-error-dev,libgcrypt-dev:</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
libssl-dev       (Required for HTTPS, BitTorrent, Checksum support)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="para"><p>You can use libexpat1-dev instead of libxml2-dev:</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
libexpat1-dev    (Required for Metalink support)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="para"><p>The quickest way to build aria2 is just type following commands:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ ./configure
$ make</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="para"><p>The configure script checks available libraries and enables the features
as much as possible because all the features are enabled by default.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>Since 1.1.0, aria2 checks the certificate of HTTPS servers by default.
If you build with HTTPS support, I recommend to supply the path to the
CA bundle file. For example, in Debian the path to CA bundle file is
<em>/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt</em> (in ca-certificates package). This
may varies depending on the distributions. You can give it to
configure script using --with-ca-bundle option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ ./configure --with-ca-bundle='/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
$ make</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="para"><p>Without --with-ca-bundle option, you will encounter the error when
accessing HTTPS servers because the certificate cannot be verified
without CA bundle. In such case, you can specify the CA bundle file
using aria2's --ca-certificate option.  If you don't have CA bundle
file installed, then the last resort is disable the certificate
validation using --check-certificate=false.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>The executable is <em>aria2c</em> in src directory.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>aria2 uses CppUnit for automated unit testing. To run run the unit test:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ make check</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_bittorrrent">5. BitTorrrent</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<h3 id="_about_filename">5.1. About filename</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
<div class="para"><p>The filename of the downloaded file is determined as follows:</p></div>
<div class="vlist"><dl>
<dt>
single-file mode
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
    If "name" key is present in .torrent file, filename is the value
    of "name" key. Otherwise, filename is the basename of .torrent
    file appended by ".file". For example, .torrent file is
    "test.torrrent", then filename is "test.torrent.file".  The
    directory to store the downloaded file can be specified by -d
    option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
multi-file mode
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
    The complete directory/file structure mentioned in .torrent file
    is created.  The directory to store the top directory of
    downloaded files can be specified by -d option.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="para"><p>In the default behavior, before download starts, a complete directory
structure is created if needed. By default, aria2 opens at most 100
files mentioned in .torrent file, directly writes to and reads from
these files. The number of files to open simultaneously can be
controlled by --bt-max-open-files option.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>If --direct-file-mapping option set to be false, aria2 creates
temporary file in the store directory. The length of this file is the
sum of length of the files in .torrent file, so at least 2 times more
disk space than the file size itself is required. Writing and reading
are done against this file.  After download completes, aria2 creates
complete directory structure if needed, and copies whole file or a
part of it to the destination.</p></div>
<h3 id="_dht">5.2. DHT</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
<div class="para"><p>As of release 0.13.0, aria2 supports DHT. By default, the routing
table is saved to $HOME/.aria2/dht.dat.</p></div>
<h3 id="_other_things_should_be_noted">5.3. Other things should be noted</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-o option is used to change the filename of .torrent file itself,
  not a filename of a file in .torrent file.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
The port numbers that aria2 uses by default are 6881-6999 for TCP
  and UDP.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
aria2 doesn't configure port-forwarding automatically. Please
  configure your router or firewall manually.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
The maximum number of peers is 55. This limit may be exceeded when
  download rate is low. This download rate can be adjusted using
  --bt-request-peer-speed-limit option.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
As of release 0.10.0, aria2 stops sending request message after
  selective download completes.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_metalink">6. Metalink</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>The current implementation supports HTTP(S)/FTP/BitTorrent.  The other
P2P protocols are ignored.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>For checksum checking, MD5, SHA1, SHA256 are supported. If multiple
hash algorithms are provided, aria2 uses SHA1. If checksum checking is
failed, aria2 doesn't retry the download and just exits with non-zero
return code.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>The supported user preferences are version, language, location,
protocol and os.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>If chunk checksums are provided in Metalink file, aria2 automatically
validates chunks of data during download. This behavior can be turned
off by a command-line option.</p></div>
<div class="para"><p>If signature is included in a Metalink file, aria2 saves it as a file
after the completion of the download.  The filename is download
filename + ".sig". If same file already exists, the signature file is
not saved.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_netrc">7. netrc</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>netrc support is enabled by default for HTTP(S)/FTP.  To disable netrc
support, specify -n command-line option.  Your .netrc file should have
correct permissions(600).</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_references">8. References</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
man aria2c
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://aria2.sourceforge.net/">http://aria2.sourceforge.net/</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://apps.sourceforge.net/trac/aria2/wiki">http://apps.sourceforge.net/trac/aria2/wiki</a>
</p>
</li>
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Last updated 2009-02-15 12:21:10 JST
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